Sits in our periodic table, right over here, we see it is a halide. Is going to be a negative ion or it's going to be an anion. Ionizes, it is going to be, it is going to ionize as Ca2+. Losing two electrons and that's because they have two electrons in their outermost shell and Known as alkaline earth metals, they tend to ionize by Over here in Group Two, and Group Two elements, also Periodic table to confirm that it's likely that calcium So that's a pretty good clue that calcium is going All right, so theĬonvention is that we write the positive ion first and Inspired, pause the video and see if you can come Let's now see if we can come up with the chemical formula for the ionic compound calcium bromide. The name should therefore be copper(II) chloride.Ĭopper(III) chloride and copper(IV) chloride would have the formulas CuCl3 and CuCl4 respectively using the same rules. Doing some quick math, we find that x = 2, so copper has a 2+ charge. We can determine the copper’s charge using algebra: x + 2(-1) = 0, where x is the copper’s charge. ![]() We know the whole formula must be neutral to the copper’s positive charge must cancel the negative charges of the two chlorines. So CuCl2, has copper (the cation and a transition metals with variable charges) and chlorine (the anion with a constant 1- charge). We differentiate between these possible charges by using roman numerals in their names. This is a generalization and there are exceptions to this rule lead for example is a main group element but can take on +2 and +4 charges.Įlements in the middle of the periodic table, the transition metals, can take on several different positive charges in different compounds. Group 1 elements have 1+ charges for example, while group 17 elements have 1- charges. The elements in the s and p blocks (groups 1,2, & 13-18) are collectively referred to as main group and for the most part have constant charges. So the cumulative charges of the cations (a metal often) must equal the charges of the anions (a nonmetal often). The positive charges must equal and cancel all the negative charges. Ionic compound’s empirical formulae always have a neutral net charge, or a total charge of 0. The elements in the middle of the periodic table, the transition metals, are odd in that they have the potential of taking on several possible positive charges. ![]() And the groups further to the right tend to take on negative charges to become anions because they like to accept electrons now instead of donate them.Ĭollectively these elements in groups 1-2 & 13-18 are known as main block elements and have (usually) constant charges. Elements in group 14 have the possibility of taking on a +4 or a -4 charge. Elements in group 13 take on a +3 charge. Elements in group 2, the alkaline earth metals, take on a +2 charge for a similar reason. Elements in group 1, the alkali metals, have one valence electrons so they tend to lose that one electron and take on a +1 charge. It corresponds to how many valence electrons those elements in that group have and therefore how many they wish to donate to other atoms to form cations. For the most part it depends on the group (column) in which the element is found in on the periodic table.
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